Image Credits

The photographs on this site come from Wikimedia Commons and are used under the public domain or Creative Commons licenses shown with each one. Each photo links to its source page, where the full license and the original file are available. Photos are resized and converted for the web; no other changes are made.

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  Ruby: Carmen Lucia ruby, a large oval red faceted stone set in a ring with diamonds, on display
  Photo: thisisbossi from Washington, DC, USA, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0
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  Ruby: Six-sided red ruby crystal sitting in white marble matrix
  Photo: Marcin Mlynczak, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Mogok Ruby: Burma's Ruby Valley: Aerial view of Mogok town in Myanmar around its lake, ringed by green hills
  Photo: JimmyWinMGK, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Mogok Ruby: Burma's Ruby Valley: Rough pinkish red ruby crystal with layered growth faces against a pale blue background
  Photo: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Mogok Ruby: Burma's Ruby Valley: Old black and white photograph of ruby washing works and workers at Mogok
  Photo: Miscellaneous Items in High Demand, PPOC, Library of Congress, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Ruby Treatments: Small red ruby cabochon resting on a green surface
  Photo: Gemsphoto, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Sapphire: Large cushion-shaped blue Logan sapphire framed by a ring of round diamonds
  Photo: Chip Clark, Smithsonian staff, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Sapphire: Rough piece of blue sapphire corundum with pale patches on a white background
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Sapphire Treatments: Magnified yellow faceted sapphire showing small gas bubbles and melted mineral inclusions
  Photo: Unbreaking, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Emerald: Square green emerald with cut corners, showing natural inclusions, on a white surface
  Photo: Gaumania, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Emerald: Green six-sided emerald crystal standing upright on white quartz
  Photo: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Alexandrite: Rough greenish yellow alexandrite chrysoberyl crystal against a black background
  Photo: Parent Géry, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Spinel: Pile of small pink and red rough spinel crystals on a white background
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Paraiba Tourmaline: Two long blue green Paraiba tourmaline crystals with orange mineral between them
  Photo: Parent Géry, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Tourmaline: Polished slice of watermelon tourmaline with a pink center and green rim
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Tourmaline: Elbaite tourmaline crystal zoned green, yellow and brown from top to bottom
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Tanzanite: Rough violet blue tanzanite crystal beside a small oval faceted tanzanite on black
  Photo: Didier Descouens, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0
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  Tanzanite: Blue violet tanzanite crystals with black graphite and white laumontite on matrix
  Photo: Parent Géry, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Zircon: Transparent yellow green zircon crystal with a pointed top on a white background
  Photo: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Muzo and Colombian Emeralds: Bright green emerald crystal sitting on white calcite matrix against a black background
  Photo: Géry PARENT, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Muzo and Colombian Emeralds: Cluster of green emerald crystals on brownish matrix against a dark background
  Photo: Géry PARENT, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Amethyst: Cluster of purple amethyst crystals on a pale base beside a ruler
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Amethyst: Pansy-shaped brooch of carved purple amethyst petals with small diamonds and a pearl center
  Photo: Unknown artist Unknown artist, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Ametrine: Rectangular faceted ametrine showing purple and golden yellow zones
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Ametrine: Rough pale purple ametrine quartz crystal against a black background
  Photo: Parent Géry, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Citrine: Large oval faceted golden yellow citrine quartz gem on a pale background
  Photo: Didier Descouens, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Citrine: Three pale yellowish rough quartz crystals on a white background
  Photo: Adam Kelliher / Rubble Rock and Gem, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Aquamarine: Pale blue aquamarine crystals with black schorl on white feldspar
  Photo: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Aquamarine: Five faceted light blue aquamarines of different sizes on a pale surface
  Photo: Mauro Cateb, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  The Dom Pedro Aquamarine: Tall blue green Dom Pedro aquamarine obelisk with carved facets lit on a museum pedestal
  Photo: General Kipicus, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Topaz: Two orange golden imperial topaz crystals standing on a reflective black surface
  Photo: Didier Descouens, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Topaz: Large pale blue block of topaz beside a small bright blue irradiated topaz piece
  Photo: Tim Evanson, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0
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  Peridot: Triangular faceted green peridot with a fine needle inclusion on a white surface
  Photo: AdamStejskal, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Peridot: Three rough pieces of pale green peridot on a black background
  Photo: Darla Sondrol, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Opal: Rough precious opal showing flashes of red, green and blue on brown host rock
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Opal: Rough orange and white Ethiopian precious opal with green and red flashes in pale rock
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Garnet: Four round faceted dark red garnets in a row on a white background
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Garnet: Dark red almandine garnet crystal with many flat faces on a white background
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Almandine Garnet: Purple red almandine garnet crystals scattered over gray green schist
  Photo: Didier Descouens, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Andradite Garnet: Demantoid and Melanite: Close view of bright yellow green demantoid garnet crystals on pale matrix
  Photo: Lech Darski, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Andradite Garnet: Demantoid and Melanite: Ornate gold and enamel brooch pendant set with green demantoid garnets and diamonds
  Photo: shakko, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Grossular Garnet: Tsavorite and Hessonite: Pale yellow green grossular garnet crystal with diamond-shaped faces on black
  Photo: Darla Sondrol, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Grossular Garnet: Tsavorite and Hessonite: Small bright green tsavorite crystal set in pale green and white rock
  Photo: Lech Darski, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Spessartite Garnet: Cluster of glowing orange spessartine garnet crystals with sharp faces
  Photo: Masha Milshina, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Spessartite Garnet: Oval faceted orange spessartine garnet on a white background
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Uvarovite Garnet: Small bright green uvarovite garnet crystals covering gray rock
  Photo: Parent Géry, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Agate: Polished agate slice with curving red, white and blue gray bands
  Photo: Hannes Grobe, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.5
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  Agate: Round agate slice with curved outer bands and flat horizontal layers inside
  Photo: Hannes Grobe/AWI, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0
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  Apatite: Pile of round faceted blue apatite gemstones from Madagascar on a white surface
  Photo: Adam Kelliher / Rubble Rock and Gem, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Aventurine: Polished green aventurine quartz pebbles scattered on a pale gray surface
  Photo: Mauro Cateb, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Aventurine: Beaded bracelet of green aventurine with a flat rectangular aventurine pendant
  Photo: Deomar Pandan, KamayoJewelry.com, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Carnelian: Four round, polished, deep orange red carnelian cabochons on a white background
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Carnelian: Ancient string of carnelian and copper beads on a museum card
  Photo: SpeakingArch, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Chalcedony: Cluster of small rounded purple chalcedony bubbles, known as grape agate, on a black background
  Photo: JJ Harrison, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Chalcedony: Sliced chalcedony nodule with gray and white bands around a center of small quartz crystals
  Photo: Toma1974, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Chrysoberyl: Grayish green chrysoberyl crystal with several intergrown blades, seen close up
  Photo: Yaiba Sakaguchi, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Chrysoberyl: Dark greenish cat's eye chrysoberyl cabochon with a sharp light band across its dome
  Photo: Stickpen, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Diopside: Marquise cut green diopside gemstone on a gray to white gradient background
  Photo: Didier Descouens, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Diopside: Black oval diopside cabochon showing a four rayed star of light
  Photo: Didier Descouens, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Druzy: Polished gray banded agate with a cavity lined in tiny sparkling quartz crystals
  Photo: Plutos, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Druzy: Five pieces of 1960s gold jewelry set with stone slices, including a druzy agate ring
  Photo: Mamelukkikala, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Glass in Jewelry: Long necklace of yellow ancient glass beads decorated with blue and white eye patterns
  Photo: Unknown author, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Jade: Jadeite and Nephrite: Polished jadeite axe head in lavender, white and pale green, held on a stand
  Photo: Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Jade: Jadeite and Nephrite: Carved jadeite cabbage in white and green with leaves fanning out at the top
  Photo: Unknown author, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Jasper: Polished slab of dark green orbicular jasper with round cream and white spots
  Photo: Vassil, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Jasper: Oval cabochon of white jasper crossed by a network of red veins on a black background
  Photo: Tiit Hunt, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Kunzite: Long pink kunzite crystal with etched faces resting on white cloth
  Photo: Raimond Spekking, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Kunzite: Large pale pink kunzite crystal with striated faces on a dark background
  Photo: Didier Descouens, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Kyanite: Long bladed blue kyanite crystal lying on a frosted surface against a black background
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Labradorite: Polished labradorite slab flashing bright yellow green and blue across its surface
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Lapis Lazuli: Piece of deep blue lapis lazuli with white calcite patches and small gold pyrite specks
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Malachite: Polished slab of malachite with swirling light and dark green bands
  Photo: Parent Géry, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Malachite: Large green malachite specimen with polished bands and hollow caverns of stalactitic fingers
  Photo: Steve Jurvetson, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Meteorite in Jewelry: Polished slice of Gibeon iron meteorite showing a crosshatched Widmanstatten pattern
  Photo: Kevin Walsh, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Moonstone: Round moonstone cabochon glowing with a soft blue white band of light on black
  Photo: Didier Descouens, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Moonstone: Oval white moonstone cabochon with a silvery sheen on a gray background
  Photo: Wouter Hagens, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Morganite: Peach pink morganite crystal sitting on white bladed albite next to a pale quartz crystal
  Photo: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Morganite: Peach morganite crystal with layered faces mounted on a stand against gray
  Photo: Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Onyx: Group of glossy black oval onyx cabochons arranged on a white background
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Onyx: Onyx cameo of a Roman emperor in profile, carved white on a dark layer, in a gold mount
  Photo: SpeakingArch, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Prehnite: Cluster of rounded pale blue green prehnite globes beside pink crystals on a black background
  Photo: Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Prehnite: Pale green prehnite in rounded crystal masses on a dark rock base
  Photo: Ivar Leidus, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Rubellite Tourmaline: Cushion shaped rubellite tourmaline cabochon in deep pinkish red on white
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Rubellite Tourmaline: Tall striated rubellite tourmaline crystal in pink and brown tones on a dark background
  Photo: Parent Géry, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Rutilated Quartz: Clear quartz crystal filled with golden rutile needles, rising from an orange rock base
  Photo: Didier Descouens, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Rutilated Quartz: Polished clear quartz piece with dark and reddish brown rutile needles inside
  Photo: Meralt Limited, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Rutilated Quartz: Fancy cut rutile quartz gemstone standing on a white surface with light reflections
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Schorl (Black Tourmaline): Black schorl tourmaline crystal with a striated prism and flat end on white
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Sunstone: Oval faceted Oregon sunstone in pale pink and copper tones on a gray background
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Sunstone: Dry sagebrush desert with dirt diggings at the Oregon Sunstone Public Collection Area
  Photo: BLM Oregon & Washington, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Tiffany Stone: Rough block of Tiffany stone in white, cream and purple with dark veining
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Tiger's Eye: Polished egg of golden brown tiger's eye quartz with shining bands
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Tiger's Eye: Rough piece of tiger's eye showing golden fibrous bands along its length
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Titanite (Sphene): Green wedge shaped twinned titanite crystal on a white background
  Photo: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Titanite (Sphene): Olive green titanite crystals sitting on pale orthoclase on rock
  Photo: Parent Géry, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Turquoise: Rough piece of bright sky blue turquoise on a white studio background
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Turquoise: Many polished turquoise cabochons in blue and green with brown matrix veining
  Photo: Sonia Sevilla, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  The Diamond 4Cs: Loose round brilliant cut diamond resting on a pale gray surface
  Photo: Petragems, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Diamond Carat Weight: Four diamonds on black, including an uncut crystal, a ring, an emerald cut stone and a yellow crystal
  Photo: Smithsonian Institution, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Diamond Clarity: Tiny natural diamond crystal on black with a visible inclusion inside it
  Photo: Giuliofranzinetti, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Diamond Color: Gold engagement ring with a single round diamond held in six prongs
  Photo: Cvmontuy, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Diamond Color: The deep blue Hope Diamond surrounded by white diamonds in a museum display case
  Photo: dbking, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Diamond Certificates and Grading Reports: Round brilliant cut white diamond seen face up on a green cloth
  Photo: Gemsphoto, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  The AGS Diamond Grading Report: Round brilliant cut diamond seen face up on black, its facets flashing light
  Photo: Darla Sondrol, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Diamond Geology: Yellowish diamond crystal still embedded in pale kimberlite rock
  Photo: Géry PARENT, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Diamond Geology: Cluster of purple pyrope garnet grains inside green gray kimberlite
  Photo: Staselnik, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Diamond Chemistry and Formation: Light brown rough diamond crystal with octahedral faces lit by sunlight
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Diamond Chemistry and Formation: Black lump of graphite beside a clear octahedral diamond crystal with a scale bar
  Photo: Robert M. Lavinsky, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Diamond Optical Properties: Heart shaped diamond on a black background reflecting bright white light from its facets
  Photo: Darla Sondrol, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Diamond Optical Properties: Out of focus diamond brooch scattering light into rainbow colored spots
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Fancy Colored Diamonds: The dark blue Hope Diamond pendant ringed by white diamonds on a blue background
  Photo: Unknown author Unknown author, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Fancy Colored Diamonds: Small deep red diamond held on a post inside a museum display
  Photo: MBisanz, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Lab-Grown Diamonds: Pile of small colorless lab-grown round brilliant diamonds on a white surface
  Photo: Igor Stratichuk, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Lab-Grown Diamonds: Broken graphite heater bar and a small dark ball of lab-grown diamond from a press cell
  Photo: E.A. Ekimov et al., Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Lab-Grown Diamonds: Clear rose cut synthetic diamond lying on a white surface
  Photo: Steve Jurvetson, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Cubic Zirconia: Round brilliant cut cubic zirconia, a colorless diamond simulant, on a gray surface
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Cubic Zirconia: Large white block of freshly grown cubic zirconia crystals on a factory bench
  Photo: LarryPKelley, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Moissanite: Brilliant cut synthetic moissanite with brown and violet flashes on white
  Photo: Alon-De-Lon, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Moissanite: Small dark metallic natural moissanite crystal under magnification
  Photo: Taubmendy, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  How to Tell if a Diamond Is Real: Fingers holding a round brilliant diamond in steel tweezers over a dark surface
  Photo: Davidmimay, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  How Diamonds Are Cut: Diamond polisher at a workbench beside a polishing wheel and tools, seen from behind
  Photo: Andere Andre, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  History of Diamond Cutting: Two small rose cut diamonds with triangular facets on a white surface
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  The Round Brilliant Cut: Face up round brilliant diamond on gray showing a dark arrow pattern
  Photo: Sandypandya, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Old European and Old Mine Cuts: Platinum ring set with a large old European cut diamond on dark fabric
  Photo: Sharonrosemont, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Old European and Old Mine Cuts: White enamel quatrefoil locket centered with a round old mine cut diamond
  Photo: Unknown artist Unknown artist, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Patented and Branded Diamond Cuts: Gold ring with a square princess cut diamond between two triangular trilliant diamonds
  Photo: Seth Lemmons, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Patented and Branded Diamond Cuts: Two square princess cut light brown diamonds on a white surface
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Diamond Inclusion Library: Magnified round diamond held in tweezers showing a purple crystal inclusion reflected in its facets
  Photo: GlobalGemology, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Diamond Inclusion Library: Magnified rough diamond face with small triangular pits and a 0.50 mm scale bar
  Photo: Gump Stump, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  How Diamonds Are Priced: Antique platinum ring with a large round diamond and two marquise side stones
  Photo: CatherineLewis1976, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  The Diamond Pipeline: Pile of rough diamond crystals in white, yellow and gray
  Photo: Jerry Cone, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  The Diamond Pipeline: Old stereo photograph of workers sorting rough diamonds at long tables
  Photo: Rijksmuseum, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  History of the Diamond Trade: Old photograph of the Kimberley Mine with terraced claims cut deep into the ground
  Photo: Unknown author, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Antwerp's Diamond Bourses: Pedestrian street lined with office buildings in the Antwerp diamond district
  Photo: Silver Dovelet, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  How Diamonds Are Mined: Aerial view of a huge terraced open pit diamond mine in red hills
  Photo: W. Bulach, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  How Diamonds Are Mined: Steel walkways and conveyors of a diamond processing plant lit at night
  Photo: Alex Avdeev, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Conflict Diamonds: Artisanal miner bent over a round sieve washing gravel in muddy water
  Photo: Laura Lartigue, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Rough Diamond Jewelry: Necklace of small drilled rough diamonds in brown and gray tones on a gradient background
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Rough Diamond Jewelry: Five rough diamonds: three yellowish gray cubes and two clear octahedral crystals
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Diamond Mines of the World: Snowy tundra with a terraced open pit and mine buildings behind it
  Photo: Tom Churchill, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Diamond Mines of Angola: Aerial view of the huge round terraced Catoca open pit surrounded by green savanna
  Photo: Gsmart-ao, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Diamond Mines of Australia: Aerial view of the Argyle mine pit cut into rugged hills under a hazy sky
  Photo: Reise-Line, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Diamond Mines of Australia: Brown octahedral diamond crystal on a clear acrylic display stand
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Diamond Mines of Botswana: Wide terraced open pit at Jwaneng half hidden by dust
  Photo: Cretep, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Diamond Mines of Botswana: Satellite image of the Orapa mine area with pits and tailings in desert scrub
  Photo: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Space Systems, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Diamond Mines of Brazil: Tiled church roofs and a spire in Diamantina with mountains behind
  Photo: Osni dos Passos Laia, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Diamond Mines of Brazil: Narrow rocky channel with a stream cut by old diamond digging
  Photo: Ingrid Torres de Macedo, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Diamond Mines of Canada: Satellite view of the Diavik mine pits and dikes on an island in a lake
  Photo: Planet Labs, Inc., Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Diamond Mines of Canada: Row of tall white heat pipes on a dam with a worker in a safety vest
  Photo: Matti&Keti ; Lorenz.King at JLU Giessen.de, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Diamond Mines of Russia: Enormous round terraced Mir open pit in Siberia under a pale sky
  Photo: Staselnik, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Diamond Mines of Russia: Clear octahedral diamond crystal on a gray background
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Diamond Mines of South Africa: The Big Hole, a deep flooded open pit with turquoise water and green bush around the rim
  Photo: Irene2005, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Diamond Mines of the United States: Wide plowed search field under a blue sky ringed by trees at Crater of Diamonds
  Photo: HAL333, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Diamond Mines of the United States: Rough chunk of gray green lamproite tuff, a diamond host rock from Arkansas
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Diamond Mines of Namibia: Aerial view of sand drifting around the old buildings of Kolmanskop in the Namib desert
  Photo: SkyPixels, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  The Golconda Diamond Mines of India: Ruined stone buildings of Golconda Fort seen from above with Hyderabad beyond
  Photo: Joydeep, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Diamond Mines of Borneo: Tarp shelters, timber and muddy pools at an Indonesian diamond digging field
  Photo: Zaerudy, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  The Mohs Hardness Scale: Wooden box holding the ten Mohs reference minerals in labeled compartments, with scratch pencils below
  Photo: Hannes Grobe, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0
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  Vickers Hardness Testing: Close view of the pyramid-shaped diamond tip mounted in the steel anvil of a Vickers hardness tester
  Photo: R. Tanaka, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0
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  Vickers Hardness Testing: Square diamond-shaped indentation seen through a microscope eyepiece against a green field after a Vickers test
  Photo: Encik Tekateki, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Specific Gravity of Gemstones: Antique brass hydrostatic balance with hanging pans and a glass water vessel on a wooden base
  Photo: Liceo Classico Annibal Caro, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Cleavage in Gemstones: Three fluorite octahedra in yellow, purple and clear, each with flat triangular faces
  Photo: Hannes Grobe, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.5
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  Cleavage in Gemstones: Small white calcite fragments broken into rhombohedral blocks on an orange background
  Photo: Giovanna Canu, Eva Santini, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Fracture in Gemstones: Black obsidian surface covered in curved, shell-like ripples typical of conchoidal fracture
  Photo: Ivtorov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Fracture in Gemstones: Smoky brown quartz piece with glassy, curved ridges across its broken surface
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Gemstone Durability: Close view of a square blue topaz with worn, chipped facet edges and scratches
  Photo: Downtowngal, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Pleochroism in Gemstones: The same faceted oval cordierite photographed twice, appearing deep blue in one view and paler violet in the other
  Photo: Didier Descouens, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Birefringence and Double Refraction: Clear calcite rhomb resting on a printed letter A, which appears doubled through the crystal
  Photo: Twyla Baker, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Diaphaneity: Transparency in Gems: Cluster of clear, transparent quartz crystals with pointed tips against a black background
  Photo: Didier Descouens, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Diaphaneity: Transparency in Gems: Tumble-polished blue chalcedony that lets light through softly without being clear
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Color in Gemstones: Thin slice of tourmaline on a fingertip with a pink center and a dark green rim
  Photo: Judy Gallagher, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Gemstone Optics: Glass prism splitting a beam of white light into a band of rainbow colors on a dark background
  Photo: User:Kelvinsong, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Gemstone Treatments Explained: Small oval faceted yellow sapphire resting on a plain gray surface
  Photo: Gemsphoto, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  How Colored Gemstones Are Graded: Pairs of small round faceted gems in green, blue, purple, dark red and yellow on white
  Photo: Mauro Cateb, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Crystal Systems in Gemstones: Sharp metallic cube of pyrite set in pale gray rock on museum display
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Crystal Habit: Spray of thin white needle-like natrolite crystals radiating from a crystal base
  Photo: Didier Descouens, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Crystal Habit: Dark green malachite forming rounded, bubbly masses on gray rock
  Photo: M. Schaap, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Crystal Forms and Twinning: Two flat clear quartz crystals joined at an angle in a V shape on black
  Photo: Didier Descouens, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Crystal Forms and Twinning: Brown staurolite crystals crossed through each other to form a twin
  Photo: Helgi, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  How Minerals Are Classified: Long hall of wooden display cases holding mineral specimens under a decorated ceiling
  Photo: Jules Verne Times Two, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  The Rock Cycle and Gem Formation: Three rock samples on a museum display labeled sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous
  Photo: DogsRNice, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Igneous Rocks and Gemstones: Steep canyon wall of dark gneiss crossed by many pale pink pegmatite veins
  Photo: Carpenter, Kenneth, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Igneous Rocks and Gemstones: Pale weathered feldspar rock dotted with dark blue corundum crystals
  Photo: Zimbres, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.5
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  Metamorphic Rocks and Gemstones: Banded gray marble outcrop with pale layers under a blue sky
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Metamorphic Rocks and Gemstones: Pale schist slab covered with black needle-like tourmaline crystals
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Sedimentary Rocks and Gemstones: Desert cliff showing stacked layers of sedimentary rock in red, purple and tan
  Photo: Rhododendrites, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Gemological Instruments: Folding 10x hand loupe with a metal case and black lens rim
  Photo: Eurico Zimbres, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.5
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  Gemological Instruments: Magnified view of an orange multi-phase inclusion inside a gem spinel on pink
  Photo: Laurent Massi, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  History of Gemstone Cutting: Enameled gold Renaissance ring with a table-cut diamond in a raised box bezel
  Photo: Walters Art Museum, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Modern Gem Cutting Technology: Gem faceting machine with a flat lap wheel and angled arm on a workbench
  Photo: Doug Coldwell, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Gemstone Cut Shapes and Styles: Pale blue marquise cut aquamarine on a black background
  Photo: Darla Sondrol, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Gemstone Cut Shapes and Styles: Small round blue sapphire cut with a brilliant style facet pattern
  Photo: Tim1965, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Gemstone Settings: Yellow gold ring holding a moonstone cabochon in a raised bezel
  Photo: CGJewelry, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  What Is Gemology?: Fingers holding a gold ring set with an oval faceted blue zircon for inspection
  Photo: Billjones94, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Pearls: White, gray and golden pearls arranged inside an open oyster shell
  Photo: Hannes Grobe/AWI, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0
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  Natural Pearls: Open black-lipped oyster shell with a single pearl attached to the nacre
  Photo: Wmpearl, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Cultured Pearls: Long strand of cream cultured pearls with a silver clasp on a gray surface
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Cultured Pearls: Pile of loose white pearls on red cloth
  Photo: Angela Manthorpe, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  What Pearls Are Made Of: Five pinkish polished mother-of-pearl ovals with rainbow sheen
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  How Pearls Are Graded: Several strands of freshwater pearls in white round, baroque and dyed blue
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  How Pearls Are Graded: Two strands of round white akoya pearls side by side
  Photo: Effisk at English Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Japanese Pearl Farming: Floating pearl farm rafts on a calm bay with wooded hills behind
  Photo: Miyuki Meinaka, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Japanese Pearl Farming: Opened akoya pearl oyster shell showing its pearly inner surface
  Photo: Miyuki Meinaka, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Chinese Pearl Farming: Strands of small blue and pink freshwater pearls on a pale surface
  Photo: Mauro Cateb, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  South Sea Pearl Farming: Inside of a large gold-lipped pearl oyster shell with golden edges and pearly center
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Tahitian Pearl Farming: Necklace of dark green and gray Tahitian pearls with a round silver pendant
  Photo: Dywana, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Bahrain and Persian Gulf Pearls: Old black and white photo of a wooden pearling boat with its crew at sea
  Photo: Muharraq Forever, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Bahrain and Persian Gulf Pearls: Historic photo of pearl divers on boats preparing ropes and diving gear
  Photo: Muharraq Forever, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Bahrain and Persian Gulf Pearls: Old stone merchant house with carved arched windows in Muharraq
  Photo: Zairon, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Organic Gems: Ornate cabinet covered in amber and ivory panels on display in a gallery
  Photo: Photograph by Mike Peel ( www.mikepeel.net )., Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Organic Gems: Coiled bronze spiral ornament strung with two red amber beads
  Photo: unnown bronze spiral bracelets, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Amber: Pile of polished Baltic amber pieces in honey, yellow and cream shades
  Photo: Manukyan Andranik, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Amber: Polished golden amber piece with small insects trapped inside
  Photo: Tiia Monto, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  History of Amber: Gilded room with walls paneled in amber mosaic and mirrors
  Photo: Sergey A. Demidov (1996–), Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  History of Amber: Museum display of carved amber figures, beads and small objects
  Photo: Verity Cridland, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  How Amber Is Mined: Rough amber nuggets lying in gray blue earth sediment
  Photo: АО «Калининградский янтарный комбинат», Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Conch Pearls: Oval pink conch pearl with a flame-like pattern on black
  Photo: GlobalGemology, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Fossils in Jewelry: Polished oval ammolite cabochon flashing blue, green and orange
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Ivory in Jewelry: Tall ivory carving with many small figures stacked in tiers in a museum case
  Photo: 14GTR, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Ivory in Jewelry: Ancient carved ivory piece with layered petal shapes, partly darkened with age
  Photo: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Mother-of-Pearl: Three carved mother-of-pearl shells in gold frames on red backing
  Photo: EyeTrick, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Mother-of-Pearl: Two polished white mother-of-pearl ovals with soft pearly sheen
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Red Coral: Branching red precious coral specimen on a museum display base
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Red Coral: Two polished Y-shaped branch pieces of deep red precious coral
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Wood and Petrified Wood in Jewelry: Polished cross section of petrified wood in red, cream and gray
  Photo: Michael Gäbler, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0
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  Wood and Petrified Wood in Jewelry: Petrified logs lying among pale eroded rock formations in a desert badland
  Photo: Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Prehistoric Jewelry: Three long strands of small white Neolithic shell beads laid out in a museum display case
  Photo: Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Mesopotamian Jewelry: Queen Puabi's gold leaf headdress, gold ring ornaments and large crescent earrings displayed on a dark mount
  Photo: Mary Harrsch from Springfield, Oregon, USA, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Mesopotamian Jewelry: Queen Puabi's beaded cape of long carnelian, lapis lazuli and gold beads with a gold rosette
  Photo: Mary Harrsch, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Ancient Egyptian Jewelry: Ancient Egyptian bead necklaces in green, orange and brown with small amulets and rings on a linen mount
  Photo: Mary Harrsch, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Ancient Egyptian Jewelry: Dark green serpentine heart scarab carved as a beetle, seen from the side on a white background
  Photo: Unknown author, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Persian Jewelry: Gold armlet ending in two winged griffin heads facing each other, shown against a dark blue background
  Photo: Marie-Lan Nguyen, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Etruscan Jewelry: Etruscan gold necklace of biconical and round beads above a row of small gold fibulae in a display case
  Photo: Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Etruscan Jewelry: Two small Etruscan gold ornaments decorated with tiny gold granules and set stones
  Photo: Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Ancient Greek Jewelry: Pair of ancient Greek gold spiral bracelets ending in coiled scroll terminals on a gray museum mount
  Photo: Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Ancient Roman Jewelry: Roman gold necklaces with red and green stone beads beside gold rings set with dark oval stones
  Photo: Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Ancient Roman Jewelry: Wide Roman gold bracelet decorated with leaves and two round portrait medallions
  Photo: Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Jewelry of East and Southeast Asia: Chinese hair ornament shaped like a spread of blue feather wings with gilt wire scrolls
  Photo: Walters Art Museum, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Jewelry of India: Mughal gold ring with a large flat green emerald in a rectangular setting and enameled shoulders
  Photo: Unknown author, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Jewelry of India: Octagonal box and small round lidded box in white enamel with red and green floral patterns
  Photo: Khalili Collections, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 igo
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  Pre-Columbian Jewelry: Polished gold pendant shaped like a frog with bulging eyes, displayed against a pale blue background
  Photo: Rodtico21, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Traditional and Tribal Jewelry: Large Maasai beaded collars and bangles in green, yellow, white and red hanging outdoors
  Photo: Eid John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Medieval Jewelry: Silver annular brooch with a long pin, decorated with filigree panels and amber studs
  Photo: Martinvl, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Renaissance Jewelry: Gold reliquary pendant with an enameled Virgin and Child in a rayed frame set with table-cut stones
  Photo: Walters Art Museum, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Victorian Jewelry: Oval gold brooch with scrolled frame holding a panel of finely woven brown hair under glass
  Photo: Thayne Tuason, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Victorian Jewelry: Bracelet of small worn silver coins linked together, laid on a white surface
  Photo: Wehwalt, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Art Nouveau Jewelry: Two René Lalique brooches, one of carved ivory female busts in gold and one enameled with a winged sphinx
  Photo: Jean-Pierre Dalbéra, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Art Nouveau Jewelry: Carved ivory hair comb topped with two embracing figures and flowing hair
  Photo: Sailko, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0
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  Art Deco Jewelry: Art Deco cuff bracelet of rows of pale blue stones crossed by bands of small red stones
  Photo: Daderot, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Art Deco Jewelry: Geometric Art Deco brooch of black onyx, red coral and diamonds held in an open hand
  Photo: CoraDara, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Chinese Imperial Jade: Dark green jade brush holder deeply carved with figures, pavilions and trees, on a wooden stand
  Photo: Unknown author, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Chinese Imperial Jade: Mottled green jadeite brush holder carved in relief with figures among mountains
  Photo: Wmpearl, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Great Gem Cutting Centers: Gem cutter's hands holding a faceting handpiece over a spinning lap wheel in a workshop
  Photo: Ilyes Makria / Joalys, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Antwerp as a Gem Cutting Center: Cobbled square and street lined with ornate buildings in the Antwerp diamond district on a sunny day
  Photo: Tyler Allen, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Amsterdam Diamond Cutting: Tall orange brick facade of the Royal Asscher Diamond building with an arched entrance
  Photo: Warren Apel, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Amsterdam Diamond Cutting: Brick building with a green copper turret and stepped gable housing Coster Diamonds in Amsterdam
  Photo: Николай Максимович, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0
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  Bruges and Early Diamond Cutting: Medieval brick houses along the Rozenhoedkaai canal with the Belfry tower rising behind
  Photo: Ank Kumar, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Bruges and Early Diamond Cutting: White corner building of the Diamond Museum on a street in Bruges
  Photo: Zeisterre, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Idar-Oberstein Gem Cutting: Houses of Idar-Oberstein climbing a wooded hillside above a curving road in spring
  Photo: Pudelek (Marcin Szala), Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Idar-Oberstein Gem Cutting: Sandstone villa housing the German Gem Museum with a flag banner beside the entrance
  Photo: Deutsches Edelsteinmuseum (Jürgen Cullmann), Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 de
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  Gujarat and Surat Diamond Cutting: Aerial view of the Surat Diamond Bourse, a row of large connected office towers
  Photo: VaishP, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Gem Cutting in China: Small green jade carving of a reclining deer on a clear museum stand
  Photo: Gary Lee Todd, Ph.D., Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Gem Cutting in China: Short hollow bamboo tube used as a drill for carving jade, on a gray background
  Photo: Unknown author, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  The History of Faceted Gems: Antique gold twin ring with a table-cut diamond and a purple amethyst set side by side
  Photo: Hallwyl Museum / Helena Bonnevier, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Renaissance Gem Cutters and Engravers: Layered stone cameo of Lucretia in a gold frame lined with small pearls
  Photo: Vassil, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Renaissance Gem Cutters and Engravers: White agate cameo of Emperor Charles V in profile on a gray-blue ground in a gold mount
  Photo: Marie-Lan Nguyen, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.5
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  Gems of Sri Lanka: Hands sorting washed gem gravel spread on a jute sack at a gem pit
  Photo: Ilyes Makria / Joalys, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Gems of Sri Lanka: Looking down a timber-lined gem pit shaft with a rope and pipe leading to the bottom
  Photo: Ilyes Makria / Joalys, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Gems of Madagascar: Violet blue sapphire crystal sitting in white feldspar and brown mica matrix on black
  Photo: Parent Géry, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Tranomaro and Andranondambo Gem Mines: Rough blue sapphire crystal embedded in dark mica rock
  Photo: Parent Géry, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Tranomaro and Andranondambo Gem Mines: Black thorianite penetration twin crystal with sharp cube faces on a pale background
  Photo: Kelly Nash, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0
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  Gems of Afghanistan: Green emerald crystals set in white calcite on a black background
  Photo: Géry PARENT, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Gems of Afghanistan: Tall polished slab of deep blue lapis lazuli with gold flecks and white veins on a stand
  Photo: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Gems of Minas Gerais, Brazil: Red elbaite tourmaline crystal among smoky quartz and white cleavelandite in a museum case
  Photo: DerHexer, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Jewelry Metals: Two stacked gold ingots with stamped serial numbers on a plain white background
  Photo: Szaaman, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Noble Metals: Large irregular gold nugget from Australia with a bright, lumpy golden surface on museum display
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Yellow Gold: Yellow gold neck ring made of smooth wire with coiled hook clasp ends on a gray background
  Photo: Unknown author, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  White Gold: Polished white gold band set with a row of seven small round diamonds on a gray surface
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  White Gold: Plain white gold wedding band with a rhodium plated surface lying on fabric
  Photo: Schtone, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Rose Gold: Textured rose gold wedding band set with three small green diamonds resting on a wooden log
  Photo: Liesbeth busman, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Platinum: Gray mass of native platinum beside two small sharp platinum crystals on a dark museum shelf
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Platinum: Brushed platinum band with a single small diamond set flush into the metal
  Photo: Pittigrilli, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0
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  Palladium: Small pile of tiny shiny silvery palladium crystals scattered on a pale background
  Photo: Hi-Res Images of Chemical Elements, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0
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  Silver: Sterling silver Claddagh ring with two hands holding a crowned heart, on a gray surface
  Photo: Night of the Ed, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Rhodium Plating: Small bright silvery rhodium fragment with visible crystal faces, magnified under a stereomicroscope
  Photo: RhAgchem, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Titanium Jewelry: Gray titanium band holding a small round diamond in a gap between the ends of the ring
  Photo: Dzol, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Stainless Steel Jewelry: Plain polished stainless steel ring band photographed close up on a white surface
  Photo: Taximes, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Bronze in Jewelry: Ancient twisted bronze bracelet with open ends standing upright on a gray background
  Photo: Unknown author, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Bronze in Jewelry: Bronze Age neck rings, spiral ornaments and disc pendants arranged in a museum display case
  Photo: Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Electrum: Small pale gold electrum coin stamped with a roaring lion's head, mounted on red fabric
  Photo: ArchaiOptix, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Precious Metal Hallmarks: Row of small stamped hallmarks on the worn surface of an antique silver dish
  Photo: Charles J. Sharp, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Precious Metal Hallmarks: Stamped gold fineness mark with a star and the number 583 inside a ring band
  Photo: Star61, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  How Jewelry Is Made: Jeweller's workbench with hanging pliers, a lamp, a flex shaft and small tools in a workshop corner
  Photo: MAURO CATEB from Brazil, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Stone Setting Techniques: Stone setting tools including gravers with wooden handles, a pusher and a ring clamp on white cloth
  Photo: Mauro Cateb, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Stone Setting Techniques: Silver brooch fixed in a lump of shellac on a stick while a stone is set
  Photo: Mauro Cateb, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Cloisonne Enamel: Oval cloisonne enamel dish with pink flowers and a bird on a turquoise ground outlined in metal wire
  Photo: King muh, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Cloisonne Enamel: Three legged Chinese cloisonne enamel ding vessel with turquoise ground and floral patterns
  Photo: Windmemories, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Jewelry Finishing: Silver pendants with swirling cutouts on a bench pin beside a flex shaft polishing tool
  Photo: Mauro Cateb, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Jewelry Finishing: Jewelry polishing supplies including a brush wheel, polishing compounds and abrasive stones on white
  Photo: Mauro Cateb, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Annealing Gold: Torch flame heating small metal rings on a charcoal soldering block at a jeweller's bench
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  How to Clean Jewelry Safely: Hands scrubbing a silver chain with a soft brush over a glass bowl of soapy water
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  How to Clean Jewelry Safely: Hands rubbing a silver ring with a red polishing cloth beside its box
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Traditional Anniversary Gifts: Two wedding rings standing on open sheet music, their shadows forming a heart shape
  Photo: Petar Milošević, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Gemology Glossary: Faceted quartz, amethyst, blue topaz and spinel gemstones in several cuts on a gray surface
  Photo: Mauro Cateb, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Jewelry Glossary: Silver plated jewelry findings including bead caps, jump rings, clasps, head pins and ear wires
  Photo: Myself ( Adrian Pingstone )., Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Metallurgy Glossary for Jewelers: Glowing molten gold pouring from a furnace crucible into an ingot mold
  Photo: Allen Drebert, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain
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  Birthstones by Month: Large faceted colored gemstones displayed on gold stands in a museum case
  Photo: Bryce Edwards from San Jose, CA, USA, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  How to Buy a Gemstone: Assorted faceted and cabochon tourmalines in green, blue, pink and black on white fabric
  Photo: Eurico Zimbres Zimbres, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  How to Identify Gemstones: Magnified round cluster of tiny red crystals inside a gem spinel seen through a microscope
  Photo: Laurent Massi, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  The Rarest Gemstones in the World: Dark brownish painite crystal with a striated six sided form on a white background
  Photo: Mineral Enthusiast, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  The Rarest Gemstones in the World: Blue triangular benitoite crystals sitting on white natrolite matrix
  Photo: Didier Descouens, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Gemstone Meanings and Folklore: Polished red coral bead beside a faceted oval ruby on a light gray background
  Photo: Billjones94, Wikimedia Commons, CC0
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  Precious Gemstones: Sapphire, ruby, emerald, amethyst and diamond arranged together on a black background
  Photo: Mario Sarto and Robert M. Lavinsky, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Semi-Precious Gemstones: Moonstone, tiger's eye, mosaic opal and chalcedony cabochons spread on a gray surface
  Photo: Mauro Cateb, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
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  Diamonds: Rough diamond crystals from Africa in clear, yellow and greenish shades on a pale background
  Photo: James St. John, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0
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  Diamonds: Two small round brilliant cut brown diamonds side by side on a white surface
  Photo: W.carter, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Jewelry History: Ancient gold rings, cylindrical ring bands and a pair of earrings on a museum shelf
  Photo: Jerónimo Roure Pérez, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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  Gemstone Buying Guides: Faceted amethysts in several shades of purple and cuts, including hearts and ovals, scattered on white
  Photo: Michelle Jo, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0